There are an increasing number of people who annually has led to the resources used to meet their needs increasing, so this directly affects the quality of life and the environment around them. One of them is directly affected by the quality of the waters around them are being soiled waste from human activity itself. But now the pollution of the water quality of the starting point to eutrophication. Meaning of eutrophication itself according to Mason (1993) was an enrichment of water in the presence of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) in the form of inorganic materials and is needed by plants and may result in an increase in aquatic primary productivity. The existence of these inorganic materials is one of the causes of pollution of water and when it is left alone it will causes the eutrophication, of course this will have a direct impact on the viability of ecosystems therein. Eutrophication itself is more commonly found in freshwater aquatic ecosystems are in fact the most diverse among the other waters.
How Eutrophication can be Occurs?
As explained above, eutrophication caused more by human activity, especially in agriculture. In this case, most farmers use inorganic fertilizers to fertilize crops on their land in order to their plant crops that can grow fast, so those harvest will be enjoyed for their life needs. Maybe use a good fertilizer for their crops, but the same can’t be felt by others. Other parties mentioned here is fresh water aquatic ecosystems on which threatened its survival. On the other hand, freshwater actually feel the negative effects of fertilizer use, because when the fertilizer is given to the plants on the land directly or fertilizer will be absorbed into the soil and fertilizer content in the soil will be carried away by the water in the soil to nearby waters. So that when the nutrients from the fertilizer into the fresh water and nutrient concentration increases then there is the growth of aquatic plants or algae are fast (alga bloom). The plant will cover the top of the water, causing the sun can’t get into the water to the maximum and algae in the water over time will die because there are not getting enough sunlight supplies. This will affect the organisms in the fresh waters will be die because of the need to oxygen is insufficient. Increasing number of people living in an area then the more pollution and most of the perceived quality of the water is diminishing until it was inevitable eutrophication.
The Impact of Eutrophication to Aquatic Ecosystem
Eutrophication is giving more negative effect than a positive effect, particularly for ecosystems in the fresh water. For the explanation has previously been discussed that eutrophication can be damage the habitat for aquatic organisms in those area, it causes the survival of the organisms is disrupted. Rapid growth of algae that tends to also lead to diminishing oxygen concentration, causing the water living such as fish and other species can’t grow properly and eventually die. The loss of fish and other animals in the chain of aquatic ecosystems can affect the balance of aquatic ecosystems. It’s not only the balance of ecosystems are disturbed but the biodiversity of plant and animal species will also decline. Eutrophication impact is also felt by humans; the production of this increased water vegetation would disrupt the economies of local residents who use these waters to improve their economy (for example tourism or fish farming). Many of the impacts will be felt by humans when eutrophication is the case one of them is the water quality is diminishing because the waters are experiencing eutrophication of the water color will change to green, bad smell, and turbidity are becoming more frequent. In this case the water is unfit for human consumption
How to Handle the Eutrophication?
Most of eutrophication caused by human activities, thus increasing the number of residents in the area will play a major role in the emergence of eutrophication. In this course, the 'Family Planning' program that play a huge role in order to cope with the occurrence of eutrophication. Also in the agricultural sector should be the farmers began to reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers which would cause an increase or nutrient enrichment in the waters so the impact on the appearance of algae blooms. Of course there is also awareness of each human being by way of control the use of inorganic fertilizers in agriculture as well as the discharged of sewage to be diverted so as not to directly discharged into the river or surrounding waters. Hope, we as a wise human in its treatment to environment thus make the environment provides a positive feedback as well as for human survival.
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